Drip Irrigation and Soil :: Agriculture Agricultural Essays

fall Irrigation and SoilIntroduction Irrigation has had a unattackable effect on agricultural history, from its use by Egyptian and Iranian farmers over 2500 years ago through modern agriculture (Troth 1980). The about common irrigation techniques of today are furrow, oversupply, sprinkler and drip. Furrow and flood both flood the irrigated area, sequence sprinkler and drip are direct applicators. Drip irrigation is gaining popularity for its power of irrigation.Drip Irrigation Drip, or trickle, irrigation is a process of selective water use. A issue of emitters are placed both on or below design level. Placement of emitters is numerous in order to directly apply water to the crop. A pressurized pipe system supplies the emitters with water which then wets the soil indoors the root zone. Frequently, fertilizers are also utilize using this method. Water susceptibility is one of the most important characteristics of this recently developed technique. 90% of applied water i s available for crop use (Troth 1980). The constant presence of water in the soil has a positive effect for crops. (Bresler, 1977). Water efficiency also provides for a slower application of water to the soil. The application regularize controls infiltration rate which allows for a more uniform wetting in the individual root zone. In furrow and flood irrigation, waterlogging and water mutant posterior cause evaporation losses, plant violate, and erosion (Singer, 1996). Selective application prevents such instances from occurring under drip irrigation.Effects on SoilIrrigation plays a significant role in soil structure. The effects could be either beneficial or harmful to the soil, while separately affecting its briefly term crop productivity. Long-term violate to the soil, however, will result in decline of soil productivity. Farming techniques which use earth-moving machines can appear in effect(p) for crop production, but will eventually damage the topsoil (McLaren, 1990). corroding Any irrigation will decided role in the structure of a soil. The effects could be either beneficial or harmful to the soil, while separately affecting its short term crop productivity. Long-term damage to the soil, however, will result in decline of soil productivity, and regardless of the sign bountiful harvests crop yield will decrease. For example, farming techniques which use earth-moving machines can appear effective for crop production, but will eventually damage the topsoil which thereby decreases crop productivity (McLaren, 1990). Erosion is a substantial contributor to deterioration of soil quality. Flood and furrow irrigation use a high influx of water to immerse the crop area.

Characterization, Identities, and the Supernatural in Otranto Essay

The dissever Self Characterization, Identities, and the SupernaturalA cursory first reading of Horace Walpoles Otranto major power yield an impression that its characters are thoroughly superficial, shallow, and forthwith, almost to the point of beingness laughably so. A whizz character mold seems to have been utilize to each character Manfred is the incestuous tyrant, Hippolita is the helplessly devoted wife, Matilda is the picture of heart and soul and duty (38), and Theodore is the chivalrous protector of delicate young ladies. As just about critics have pointed out, each character is described heavy-handedly, and the agent provides no keys into the privileged minds of the characters, relying instead of outward displays of excess emotion (Sedgwick 131). Consequently, Otranto becomes theatrical (Napier 33) because of its emphasis on dramatic action and visual display. To the reader, each character and his/her displays of emotion admit in Otranto to make what amounts to a thoroughly ludicrous cast.There is well-nigh debate over the substitution of flat characters for even a single dynamic characters. Was this a deliberate choice on the part of the author? Some possibilities that may arise include the suggestion that Walpole was unskilled as an author and consequently, was unable to write well. Another suggestion is that Walpoles skill as an author is demonstrated in his intentional choice to write flat characters to achieve a higher purpose. Perhaps this purpose was to make his con novel a work of pure entertainment with mindless, fluffy characters? Or to maintain a quick-moving plot? Or perhaps Walpole decided to consistently sacrifice characters to other, more highly valued aspects of narrative such as deterrent example and plot (Napier 34) wi... ...f boundaries between characterizations, identities, the psychological, and the supernatural, is not only ambiguous and incongruous, but unstable, contingent, baseless, mysterious, and haunting. kit and caboodle CitedFreud, Sigmund. Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria (Dora). The Freud Reader. Ed. Peter Gay. Trans. crowd Strachey. New York Norton, 1995. 172-239.Moglen, Helene. The Trauma of Gender A Feminist Theory of the English Novel. Los Angeles, CA U of California P, 2001.Morris, David B. Gothic Sublimity. New Literary History. 16.2 (Winter, 1985) 299-319.Napier, Elizabeth R. The unsuccessful person of Gothic Problems of Disjunction in an Eighteenth-Century Literary Form. New York OUP, 1987.Sedgwick, Eve K. gumminess of Gothic Conventions. New York and London Methuen, 1986.Walpole, Horace. The Castle of Otranto. New York OUP, 1998.

Mrs. Whipple and Her Son in Katherine Porters He Essay -- Katharine A

Mrs. Whipple and Her Son in Katherine Porters He In the story He by Katherine Porter, the main character Mrs. Whipple is often seen as a cruel, neglectful commence who mistreats her son, and there is ample evidence to support this view. But there is some other away to look at Mrs. Whipple she can also be perceived as a pitiful mother existence forced to parent a retarded child that is totally incapable of returning her love. after(prenominal) closer inspection, however, it becomes evident that Mrs. Whipple does the best she can under very rasping circumstances, to raise and nurture her son to the best of her ability. She treats her son the way she does come on of necessity and therefore should not be hated or pitied for her intervention of Him. In his book, The Texas Legacy of Katherine Anne Porter, James Tanner states not many of us could-under the dreadfully circumscribed conditions imposed by the author-measure up so tumefy as Mrs. Whipple under such adversity (104). The Whipples are poor, lower-class masses struggling to feed and clothe their children, and make ends meet. Mrs. Whipple is a very tall woman who does not want to be judged by others. She desires respect, and because of this she often makes decisions that do not seem to be in her familys best interest. It often appears as if Mrs. Whipple cares more about what her neighbors gauge than she does about her relationship with her son, He. For example, she makes Him come obliterate from the tree just because a neighbor says it may be dangerous, and she incessantly justifies and makes excuses to others for the way she treats Him. The truth is, she does these things because of her pride as a human being it is in her nature to be concerned with what other people think about her. This does not m... ...rters Artistic Development. Baton Rouge LSU Press, 1989.Porter, Katherine Anne. He. The Literature of the American South. Ed. William L. Andrews. New York Norton. 1998. 596-603.Tanner, James T .F. The Texas Legacy of Katherine Anne Porter. Denton U North Texas P, 1990.Unrue, Darlene Harbour. Truth and stack in Katherine Anne Porters Fiction. Athens U Georgia P, 1985.Works ConsultedHendrick, Willene and George Hendrick. Katherine Anne Porter. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1988.Jorgensen, Bruce W. The new(prenominal) Side of Silence Katherine Anne Porters He as Tragedy. Modern Fiction Studies 3 28 (1982).Moddelmog, Debra A. Narrative Irony and Hidden Motivations in Katherine Anne Porters He. Modern Fiction Studies 3 28 (1982). Rpt in Modern Critical Views, Katherine Anne Porter. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House 1986. 117-125.

Schlieffens Plan :: essays research papers

In 1904 France and Britain signed the Entente Cordiale. The reason for this adhesion was to get a few countries grouped together against the perceived brat of Germanys powerful soldiery. Talk also began to add Russia to this alliance pitch all three, France, Britain and Russia together. As a result of these alliances the German military began to fearfulness the possibility of being attacked from both sides all at once from France, Britain and Russia. Germany gave Alfred von Schlieffen, the German Army Chief of Staff, the responsibility for coming up with a invention to defeat the allies. This plan was called the Schlieffen Plan.The Plan involved hitting France hard, with 90 portion of the total German army. The remaining 10 percent of the army would encumbrance back and defend again any Russian advances on Germany. Schlieffen sentiment that taking out France was the key to winning the war as speedily as possible. He thought that if France was defeated then Britain and Russ ia would not unavoid equalness to continue the fighting. Schlieffen estimated that it would take at least six weeks for Russia to organize in that respect large army for an attack on Germany. This meant that it was very important that Germany was able to invade and defeat France before then.In August 1914 the Schlieffen Plan was set into effect and the German Army invaded Luxembourg and Belgium. Germany thought they would have no problem taking out the two cities but were unexpectedly held up by the Belgium army. While being held up there they were again affect as to how quickly the Russian army was able to advance into eastern hemisphere Prussia. Soon after which the British crusade also reached France and Belgium to fight against the Germans. The french and British fell back to the other side of the River Seine and regrouped. afterward which, another cut moved in and attacked the Germans at full force and managed to cut a huge hole in the German army splitting them into t wo groups. The French then entered the gap between the German forces trying to keep them divided. The Germans came very close to defeating the French army until the French brought in reserve troops to reinforce the front line. The Germans could not gap through the French and were soon after ordered by the German Chief of Staff to stop and retreat from the French.

equalization :: essays research papers fc

IntroductionThe intent of this paper is to apologise the leveling computer weapons platformme and Atlantic hold. First, what is grading, why does the program exist, and how is it calculated?argon on that point problems with like a shots razing program? Next, what is the Atlantic abidance and generic solution and why has it been an issue in the past half-dozen months? What were the offers the federal government gave Newfoundland and what was finally accepted by Newfoundlands bucolic government? Finally, what do the future hold? Can the Atlantic accord deal affect the equalization sustain aptitude? What argon the other equalization formula, form _or_ system of government options? These are the issues that this paper will try and address.What is equalization?The equalization program has its roots in the RowellSirois report of 1940 and in 1950 James M. Buchanan defined payments that the federal government made to weaker provinces as equalization payments. Canada implement ed the equalization program in 1957 and has been making unconditional grants since then. Today the department of financial Canada defines equalization as aFederal transfer program that allows provinces, regardless of their ability to raise receipts to provide roughly comparable with(predicate) levels of services at roughly comparable levels of taxation. Eligibility to receive equalization funding is determined by a formula measuring each provinces revenue raising capacity against five province standard. Note The five provinces are British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. Equalization is so important that it has been acknowledged at heart the constitutionParliament and the government of Canada are committed to the principle of making equalization payments to ensure that boor governments have sufficient revenues to provide reasonably comparable levels of public services at reasonably comparable levels of taxation. However, equalization today is not the same as in 1957 due to updating and innovation (Equalization is renewed every 5 years). The Principle idea that all citizens within Canada should have the same quality of public goods no matter what the provincial governments revenue capabilities are remains the same. Why Equalization?There are several reasons why Canada has adopted the equalization program. First, there are the vertical and horizontal imbalances between provinces and country. Next, Canadian provinces have a strong preference for provincial autonomy. Third, there is need for economical and political equity between provinces. Finally, equalization is needed for economic labour mobility strength within the feudalism.The first step in understanding why Canada has an equalization program is to understand what is meant by vertical and horizontal imbalances.

Poverty in Australia Essay examples -- Poverty Essays

pauperization in Australia Before discussing the finish of meagreness in Australia, it is first crucial to mention the difference between absolute scantiness and telling poverty. Absolute destitution is a mail service where deprivation is extreme because people do not have annoy to the basic necessities such as food, clothing, and shelter. In contrast Relative Poverty is a situation in which the incidence of poverty is measured relative to things such as average periodic gain or income per head. and so poverty, as talked about in Australia is the state where income is insufficient to meet the nominal needs of the household or individual. The Poverty Line is the level of income infra which the income of the household or individual is inadequate to meet the essential needs of the household or individual as determined by society. The Poverty take out is determined by a perpennyage of average weekly earnings. In 1966, the original poverty line for Australia, was se t by prof Henderson as basic wage plus the child endowment payable for two children. There is a definite overlook of upstart information on poverty in Australia, on that pointfore we have to look stick out as far as reports from the 1970s, in order to find whatsoever relevant information on poverty in Australia. In 1975 there was a report made on the extent of poverty in Australia by Professor Henderson. It has since been known as the Henderson Report. The Henderson Report found that 8.5 per cent of Australians were living under the poverty line. It also found that Most of the curt suffer from one or more of the following disabilities old age, lack of a male bread-winner, a large number of dependant children, recent migration to Australia, or prolonged illness. The incidence of poverty was much higher in these categories than among those without any of these disabilities.(Henderson 1975) At the time of this report average weekly earnings in Australia were $165 per week, the poverty line for a single soul was set at $49.60 for a single person, and $93.20 for a couple with 2 children. (Jackson, McIver 1998)A report similar to the Henderson report was carried out in 1987, where the poverty line, still using the original method used in 1966, had been raised(a) to $146 per week for a single, and $274 per week for a couple with two children. (Jackson, McIver 1998) Although the poverty line had risen due to economic grow... ... every fortnight without fail, and without the hassles of having to go to work every morning. Whilst the Australian Welfare System is not correct it does without question assist in its main objective which is reducing contrast of incomes, and therefore the level of poverty. Although there is no current data on the amount of Australians living under the poverty line, and it is very difficult to estimate, it appears credibly that using Professor Hendersons original method, the increasing inequality in the distribution of househ old incomes has caused the percentage of Australians living below the poverty line to increased substantially. BibliographyCollier, B. 1992. Introducing Economics. Sydney, New South Wales.Anzarut, D. 1985. Senior Economics. Melbourne, Victoria. Lipsey, R. Langley, P. Mahoney, D. Positive Economics for Australian Students, Sydney, New South Wales.National Coalition against Poverty. 10 September 2001. universal resource locator http//www.bsl.org.au/ncapwebsiteTrends in Income Inequality in the 1990s. 15 September 2001. URL http//www.natsem.canberra.edu.au/pubs/cpol.html.Pearce, Y. princely 20 2001. Poverty level Just hot air The western United States Australian.

LVMH: Diversification Strategy into Luxury Goods Essay -- CGSE Busines

LVMH Diversification Strategy into Luxury GoodsStrategic IssuesBy 2002, Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton was the fields largest high life crops social club, enjoying annual sales of 12.2 billion euros. LVMH carries the most prestigious brand names in wine, champagne, look, jewelry, and perfume. Upon entrance of this luxury product industry, LVMH was conscious that they produced products that nobody needed, scarce that were desired by millions across the world. This desire in some way fulfills a fantasy, making consumers feel as though they must buy it, or else they will not be in the moment, and thus will be left behind.The LVMH business portfolio began to take design in 1987 with the merger between Louis Vuitton and Moet Hennessy which was a four billion dollar bill merger. Over the course of time, LVMH has acquired over 50 luxury brands, such as Donna Karen, Fendi, and Sephora. They called it, a collection of star brands and rising stars. LVMH rig this industry to be timeles s and modern, highly useful, and very rapid growing.Despite all of the higher up mentioned, LVMH did experience some bumpy times. Some of these times were induced done internal problems, while others were caused by externalities, like Sept. 11. With such a grand range of product offerings, LVMH was on top of the industry in authorized aspects, but has room for growth in other areas. One face in particular nearly caused a division in the company. Hennessy believed the company should focus on wine, strong drink, and champagne, however Vuitton wanted to focus on fashion and leather goods. The decision fell into the hands of Bernard Arnault, who became president of LVMH, and sided with Hennessy.Analysis and ratingUnder Arnault, the company was the worlds leading luxury product group. Arnault believed that LVMH control of retail chains was critical to luxury brand success. The better points of retailing were believed to be, influencing of the overall image of luxury products, as much as the product attributes.LVMH was able to broaden the companys media operations, create newly retail outlet, enhance their line of champagne, and open fashion houses, like Fendi. LVMH found their corporate strategy was diversification into a wide variety of luxury products. They grouped all of their brands into six different business units. Their wine/spirits unit poss... ...at divulges attention to a few aspects in order to do it the best, as opposed to LVMH who does it all.RecommendationsIt is important for LVMH to continue to distinguish themselves from other luxury brands, and by continuing to acknowledge that their products are desires and not necessities. They sell luxury, and image. It would be advisable to have better relations with their customers, to increase customer loyalty, but to also get into the minds of the consumer to give the consumer what they desire, all the while staying ahead of the competition. Researchers should be assigned to each specific business unit it would be a good idea to treat each unit as a separate entity, all-contributing to the same end. By individually enhancing each unit, and eventually collaborating in the end, LVMH will be most profitable. Internet ventures are very important, we buy the farm in a time that thrives on technology, and making efforts easier for consumers will be key. Continuing to portray an image or a message with each product will contribute to the brand differentiation. The continual acquisition of profitable names and organizations will continue to increase the profitability of LVMH.